The atmosphere is a layer of gases that surrounds the earth and has various functions. It is true that the habitat provides the amount of oxygen needed for these functions to survive. Atmosphere Another important function of living things is to protect us from the sun's rays and from external agents such as small meteorites or asteroids.
composition of the atmosphere
It consists mostly of nitrogen (78%), but this nitrogen is neutral, meaning we breathe it in, but we don't metabolize it or use it for anything. 21% oxygen is what we use to survive. Except for anaerobic organisms, all living things on earth require oxygen to survive. Finally, the atmosphere contains very low concentrations (1%) of other gases such as water vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide.
atmospheric pressure
Air is heavier, so there is more air in the lower layers of the atmosphere as air coming from above pushes the air down and is denser at the surface. This is because 75% of the total mass of the atmosphere lies between the Earth's surface and the first 11 kilometers. As we grow taller, the atmosphere becomes less dense and thinner, although there are no lines representing the different layers of the atmosphere, but more or less the composition and conditions change. The Karman line, located at an altitude of about 100 km, is considered the end of the Earth's atmosphere and the beginning of space.
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
As we commented earlier, as we climb, we encounter different layers of the atmosphere. Each has its own structure, density and function. The atmosphere consists of five layers
1. the troposphere
2. the stratosphere
3. the mesosphere
4. the thermosphere
5. the exosphere
tropical
The first layer of the atmosphere is tropical, it extends at an altitude of about 10-15 km above sea level. It is in the tropics where life forms on the planet. Conditions beyond the tropics do not allow the development of life. As temperature and atmospheric pressure decrease in the tropics, we increase the current altitude.
We know that weather events occur in the tropics because clouds do not form from there. These weather phenomena are caused by inconsistent heat caused by the Sun in different parts of the planet. This condition is caused by currents and changes in air temperature, pressure and temperature, which can lead to storms. Planes fly in the tropics, as we named earlier, and no clouds form outside the tropics, so there is no rain or storm.
The highest part of the tropics is a boundary layer called the trophobus. At this boundary layer, the temperature reaches very stable minimum values. This is why many scientists call this layer the "warm layer", because from here, vapor in the tropics can no longer rise as it is trapped when it converts from steam to ice. If not for the trophobus, our planet could have evaporated and lost the water we had and went into space. The trophobus is an invisible barrier that keeps our conditions in balance and allows water to stay within our boundaries.
stratosphere
Following the layers of the atmosphere, we now see the stratosphere. It is found from the trophobus and ranges from 10–15 km to 45–50 km wide. Since the temperature of the stratosphere is higher at the top than at the bottom, as it increases in altitude, it absorbs more sunlight and raises your temperature. That is, the temperature behavior of altitude in the tropics is the opposite. It is constant but starts low and the temperature rises as the altitude increases.
The ozone layer is 30 to 40 km high because it absorbs light rays. The ozone layer is an area where the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is higher than in other parts of the atmosphere. Ozone is what protects us from the harmful rays of the sun but if ozone builds up on the surface of the earth, it is a powerful atmospheric pollutant that can cause skin, respiratory and heart disease.
In the stratosphere the wind has no movement in the vertical direction, but the wind direction in the horizontal direction is often 200 km/h. The problem with this wind is that any object that reaches the stratosphere gets spread throughout the planet. An example of this is CFC. These gases, composed of chlorine and chlorine, destroy the ozone layer and spread throughout the planet when strong winds blow from the stratosphere.
mesosphere
This is the layer of the atmosphere which is 50 km to 80 km high. The behavior of temperature in the mesosphere is similar to the behavior of the tropics as it descends in altitude. This layer of the atmosphere, even when it is cold, can prevent meteorites from falling into the burning atmosphere, thus leaving traces of fire in the night sky.
The mesosphere is the thinnest layer of the atmosphere and contains only 0.1% of the total air mass, with temperatures reaching up to -80 °C. Important chemical reactions take place in this layer and as the density of the air decreases, they create various turbulences that help spacecraft return to Earth as they begin to observe the composition of the background air, not the That only aerodynamic brakes. Of the ship
At the end of the mesosphere is the mesophos. It is situated at an altitude of about 85-90 km, at which the temperature is constant and very low. Semiluminescence and aeroluminescence reactions take place in this layer.
Temperature
It is the widest layer of the atmosphere. It extends from 80 km to 90-640 km. At this point, no air remains, and the particles in this layer are ionized by ultraviolet radiation. This layer is also called the ionosphere due to the collision of ions occurring in it. The ionosphere has a great influence on the propagation of radio waves. Part of the energy radiated by a transmitter towards the ionosphere is absorbed by the ionized air, while the other is returned, or diverted, to the Earth's surface.
exosphere
The last layer of the atmosphere is the outermost. It is very impermeable due to its very layer and its height from the surface of the earth, so it is not considered as a layer of the atmosphere. More or less it extends from an altitude of 600-800 km to 9000-10.000 km. This layer of the atmosphere separates the Earth from the space in which the atoms escape. It is composed mostly of hydrogen
Different phenomena occur in the layers of the atmosphere and have different functions. From rain, wind and pressure, through to the ozone layer and ultraviolet rays, each layer of the atmosphere has its own function, which, as we know it, makes up the life of the planet.
history of atmosphere
In the LA environment we know today this is not always the case. Millions of years have passed since the formation of the planet Earth, due to which the composition of the atmosphere has changed.
Earth's first atmosphere resulted from the largest and longest precipitation in history, which led to the formation of oceans. As we know, the composition of the atmosphere before life was mostly methane generated. Then, it does that for more than 2.300 billion years, organisms that have survived these conditions have been methanogens and anoxics, meaning they don't need oxygen to survive. Today methanogens live in the sediments of lakes with or without oxygen in the stomachs of cows. The planet Earth was still young, the sun was shining less, however, the concentration of methane in the atmosphere was 600 times higher with pollution than today. This translates to the greenhouse effect, which can increase global warming because methane retains a lot of heat.
Then, with the proliferation of cyanobacteria and algae, the oxygen-laden planet and atmosphere changed little by little, until we have what we have today. Thanks to plate tectonics, the restoration of continents contributed to the distribution of carbonates in all parts of the Earth. This is the reason why the atmosphere changes from a reducing atmosphere to an oxidized one. Shows high and low peaks until the oxygen concentration is more or less at a constant concentration of 15%
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